Экономические тексты на английском языке с переводом

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Sometimes, economists also count money in savings accounts in broader measures of the U. In addition to the above said, the important prospect of economic globalization is the global change of competition. It allows workers to look for the best available job for which they are qualified and lets employers find the best-qualified people for their job openings.

When he purchased the land for his store. Similarly, firms need money to begin operations, to meet their day-to-day expenses and to expand. Look at the pictures. In a free market economy, prices to determine by the interaction of the forces of supply and demand. The same thing happened in the communications industry in the United States. When he began his job, as a sophomore, he was a stock clerk, and he thought himself lucky to have any job.

Revenue bonds are backed by a specifically designated revenue stream, such as the revenues from a designated project, authority, or agency, or by the proceeds from a specific tax. First, their maturities gener- ally are greater than one year. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible.

Economics / Экономика. Статья на английском языке с переводом - Exercises on the Text: 3. But specialization — capital supplied by investors and management supplied by executives — should be unobjectionable as long as everyone's participation is vol- untary.

Corporations have the need to raise capital for a number of reasons. Smaller firms need capital to start up operations. Larger firms need capital to expand operations and to finance inventory. There are various ways in which a firm can raise capital through the financial system and numerous individuals and entities that can assist a corporation in this crucial venture. Start-up firms and small businesses petition investors for what is known as venture capital. Venture capital comes from wealthy investors, usually a group, who see the potential for growth in smaller businesses. The SEC made it easier for small businesses to raise capital through public stock offerings. Corporations also raise money to finance debt. Businesses sell bonds to investors in order to raise money for working capital and capital expenditures. The corporation agrees to pay back the principal plus interest, therefore making the investors creditors. Bond holders are able to sell bonds to others before they are due. Selling bonds are beneficial to corporations because, in addition to raising capital, bonds also have much lower interest rates that are tax deductible. The down side is that corporations must make interest payments regardless of whether they turn a profit. This often is not an option for smaller businesses. Larger corporations that exist as public companies can also sell bonds in order to raise capital. Public companies can issue preferred stock along with common stock. Preferred stock often has no voting rights, however, as opposed to common stock. Preferred stock is usually offered to investors, where as common stock is usually offered to employees. Another means of raising both short and long-term capital is through international markets. Short-term markets, or money markets, consist of securities that will mature in a year or less. Money markets provide short-term funding for the global financing system. Treasury bills and commercial paper are bought and sold in money markets. Corporations may also use more traditional methods for raising capital by borrowing from banks and other established lenders. Businesses that require financing for inventory often borrow from banks. Firms can use retained earning, or profits, to raise capital. Corporations often look to investment bankers to handle many of these functions. Investment bankers typically have a solid background in finance and economics and are specialists in financial analysis. These bankers act as intermediaries, or middle men, between corporations looking to raise capital and investors.